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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black;">这两棵古树高八十米,径约七米,并排而立,挺拔云际,酷似龙角,世人都叫“龙角树”。它约距司马申墓正东数丈许<span lang="EN-US">,</span>雄立于惠山之颠<span lang="EN-US">,</span>眺望着广济县东陲“双城”地域的西山,与四祖寺“双峰<span lang="EN-US">”</span>遥相呼应。据传,这两株梓树为四祖亲手所栽,是否属实,无从考证。但这两棵古树能成活千余年,实属罕见,若深入探究,寓意更深。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black;">世间的树木种类繁多,松栢以示记念,桃梅专供观赏,四祖不选松栢,也不栽桃梅,却栽梓树,以表思乡之情。梓科分椅、楸和梓三类。椅、楸能开花结果,即世俗之性。而梓属开花不结果之圣树,兆示“性空”,蕴涵禅机。千年来,“龙角树”树伴随着四祖父母墓,花开花落,默默无闻地记录着惠山的历史。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black;">四祖道信既嗣祖风,摄心无寐,脅不至席<span lang="EN-US">,</span>长达六十载,潜心于“解脱”的修持。就在圆寂临终时还垂诫门人:“一切诸法,悉皆解脱,汝等各自护念,流化未来。”<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black;">“解脱”是佛教的一种境界,通往证涅槃之路<span lang="EN-US">,</span>为禅宗要旨。早在西天禅宗第十祖龙树,也曾追求“解脱”,传到第十六祖罗睺罗多,终未奏效而止。东土四祖道信所追求的“解脱”,</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">是用华夏文化凝铸,在东方沃土上根植,从而开拓出一条崭新的中国禅教模式,以<span lang="EN-US">“</span>解脱<span lang="EN-US">”</span>而悟<span lang="EN-US">“</span>空<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,修正念而得无上遍正觉,<span style="COLOR: black;">故能在中土乃至世界开花结果。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black;">四祖的“解脱”能治病渡人,净化人心,和谐社会。因而被唐代宗谥为大医禅师。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black;">四祖的“解脱”是由达摩禅过渡到祖师禅的界限。达摩尤著“论心”,慧可善“安心”,僧灿求“忏罪<span lang="EN-US">”,</span>值“灭佛”难期,也只会“安身”。三位祖师仅依《楞伽经》四卷传法,居无定处,难成气候。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black;">四祖的“解脱”,结束了佛门居无定处,以西山为佛地,开创了禅教丛林,才有“东山法门”之举。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black;">四祖“解脱”的理念根植了五祖的“无性”, 契悟了六祖慧能“人心是佛”,从而广播于人间,完成达摩祖师“一花开五叶”的预言,正如本焕大师所说:“中国禅宗源道信”。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p><strong> </strong></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 52.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -31.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 52.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><strong>三、</strong><span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">遗风<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">人据地而名,地藉人而灵。四祖佛乡的遗风,世代相传,永不泯灭。史册上记载有据,遗风中留存有俗,古迹间藏有遗痕。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">《僧史》记载:“四祖道信禅师,爱其洞壑深秀,有终然之志。”西山按其形状如破额,多洞壑。梅川邑人,深知四祖独爱洞天,最早把“破额山”比作“燕窝地”,将四祖幼年的行踪,依佛乡之俗,载入谱牒:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 57.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.5;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">井水原是泉,浴佛转为甘。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">十二随师去,廿二得禅缘。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">选居燕窝地,为民治疾缠。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">般若波罗密,香风千古传。<span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 25.7pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.45;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 25.7pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.45;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">佛乡人学佛极盛,信佛极广。如,辛亥革命元老居正,字觉生,自号梅川居士,晚年潜心参佛,尤专禅教。他不仅对佛祖传灯的公案一一作了赞颂,而且对“佛乡”圣地也一一作了赞美。例如,偈诗《佛乡梅川》:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 57.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.5;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">奔流度仞汇梅川, 明妙河沙喷玉泉。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">宁只濯缨三业净, 是曾浴佛八功全。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">灌园理秽运陶甓, 揽辔澄清着祖鞭。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">欲令众人离五浊, 不教污<span style="COLOR: black;">浊</span>染心田。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">佛乡民众,在四祖道信诞生的这一天,几乎家家都要包<span lang="EN-US">“</span>卷尖<span lang="EN-US">”</span>以示记念。制作<span lang="EN-US">“</span>卷尖<span lang="EN-US">”</span>时选用白豆腐、绿地菜<span lang="EN-US">( </span>即野生荠菜 <span lang="EN-US">)</span>、熟花生米、豆芽等素食切成碎末成馅。将青菜叶片过开水烫软,然后将菜馅裹成三角形块状。菜馅内有青、红、白、绿、黄五色象征吉祥;包裹成三角形的块状,征兆着<span lang="EN-US">“</span>三月初三日<span lang="EN-US">”</span>是四祖出生日。这一习俗,延续不断,成为佛乡特有的传统食物。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">随着年代的更迭,社会的前进,<span lang="EN-US">“</span>卷尖<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的品味也在不断地翻新,但总不会它改变三角的形状。虽然,现在制作<span lang="EN-US">“</span>卷尖<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的用料,除了沿用传统的配料之外,还增加了酱豆干、榨菜和水发香茹,尽管如何增多配料,但决不会混以肉食。包裹<span lang="EN-US">“</span>卷尖<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的皮,有的人不再用菜叶片,而选用金黄透亮的豆油皮。用它来包裹成型的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>卷尖<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,放入锅里用小火油煎,待两面成金黄色时取出。外观色泽金黄,入口清香味浓,油而不腻,成为佛乡里一道独有的素食佳肴。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">此外,佛乡还有吃芥菜粑、<span lang="EN-US">“</span>乌饭<span lang="EN-US">”</span>等习俗。据传,这些食品乃大医禅师所传,它能去疾消灾,降吉赐福。虔诚信佛的信众有“敬写经书”,“做放生会”,“吃结缘豆”的佛俗。在特别的期间<span lang="EN-US">,</span>还会傩佛游行<span lang="EN-US">“</span>洗街<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,举办<span lang="EN-US">“</span>善会<span lang="EN-US">”</span>施济等活动,丰富多彩的习俗民风,几乎深入到社会的方方面面。佛乡民众,按照当地的民俗方式来记念四祖道信,代代相传,从未中断,相因成俗,遂演变成了固定不变的民风。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">在改革开放的今天 ,国家执行宗教自由的政策深得民心,信众祈求心灵上解脱的在不断地增多。新世纪第一年,远近信众前来<span lang="EN-US">“</span>浴佛井<span lang="EN-US">”</span>忏诚朝拜,恭请佛水降福,吸引了不少海内外的信众和观光者来访。有的取佛水洗涤,消灾袪瘴;有的取佛水饮用,求赐吉祥;有的取佛水用来治病,五花八门的方式,应有尽有。就连远在广州的信众,曾多次包专车来梅川朝佛。他们从<span lang="EN-US">“</span>浴佛井<span lang="EN-US">”</span>中,取出佛水,有的用水洗脸、洗手、嗽口;有的口含佛水,细品其味,有的干脆敞怀畅饮。临别前,每个人还用塑料壶盛满佛水带回家,让亲朋好友也能分享佛的恩赐,这是什么?是一种宗教信仰无形的“愿力”。就连旅居台湾的伍文峰先生,从海隅的那边传来抒发对佛乡的情怀,题为《梅川佛乡》:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 57.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.5;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 57.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.5;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">古寺新尊翠接天,烟霞深处蕴灵泉。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 57.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.5;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">梅丘紫陌禅林隐,济渡无涯乐客缘。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">邑人借其原韵也奉和一首,以表心灵相应,同根同源,题为《梅川故里》:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 57.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.5;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 57.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.5;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">净土灵山小西天,梅川故里涌神泉。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 57.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.5;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">晴空月淡常显隐,广济无边念佛缘。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt;">世纪之交这年,中国佛协咨议会副主席、临济宗四十四代传人,释本焕大师亲临佛井开示:“没有四祖道信,就没有中国禅宗的历史”。佛乡净土,标志着中国禅宗的起步,“浴佛井”恰似心灯点传的圣火。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p> |