Lithium is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. If possible lithium should be withheld during the first trimester of pregnancy and women taking lithium should not breast feed their infants. The ratio of lithium concentrations in umbilical cord blood to maternal blood is uniform (mean 1.05 ± 0.13). Infants with high lithium concentrations (>0.64 mmol/L) at delivery have significantly lower Apgar scores. High lithium concentrations at delivery are associated with perinatal complications, and lithium concentrations can be reduced by brief suspension of therapy proximate to delivery. Cardiovascular malformations, in particular Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid atresia, have been related to lithium exposure [49–52]. Infants exposed in utero to lithium may experience transient lethargy, hypotonia, cyanosis, poor feeding, and poor respiratory efforts during the early neonatal period [49]. Other defects that have been noted in infants exposed to lithium in utero include malformations of the CNS, ear, and ureter, altered thyroid and cardiac function, and congenital goiter [53]. Some abnormalities (mainly heart defects such as Ebstein malformation) in the newborn occur in 6% to 10% of pregnancies involving first-trimester exposure to lithium [54,55].
http://www.annclinlabsci.org/content/40/2/99.full |
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发表于 2017-7-30 17:46:33
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